Everyone's answer WOULD be guessing as no one can factually tell you how long it takes for BB to die off for sure.
Personally, I believe if the filter has been off for 12hrs, you will have a mini cycle. More than that and then you risk completely wiping out your bacteria. With that said, I have gone closer to 24hrs and while the colony suffered, it wasn't that difficult to kick it back in to gear with water changes.